Memory device

ABSTRACT

A memory device formed on an IC chip includes dynamic random access memories for effecting data read and write operations, first and second data terminals for receiving data from an external side of the IC chip, and a controller having a first data input connected to the first data terminal to receive first data, a second input connected to receive second data read, a third data input connected to the second data terminal to receive a function mode signal, and operation unit for executing operations between the first data provided from the first data input and the second data provided from the second input. The operation unit includes a function setting unit responsive to the function mode signal for setting a function indicated by the function mode signal prior to receipt of the first data. The second data is read out of a selected part of the storage locations. The operation corresponding to the function set by the function setting unit is executed for the first and second data. The result of the execution is written into the selected part of the storage locations via the input of the dynamic random access memories during one memory cycle.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/855,843, filed Mar.20, 1992 which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.07/349,403, filed May 8, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,838; which is acontinuation of application Ser. No. 07/240,380, filed Aug. 29, 1988which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,781; which is a continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 06/779,676, filed Sep. 24, 1985; said applicationSer. No. 07/855,843 also being a continuation-in-part of Ser. No.07/816,583, filed Jan. 3, 1992; which is a continuation of applicationSer. No. 07/314,238, filed Feb. 22, 1989 which issued as U.S. Pat. No.5,113,487; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 06/864,502,filed May 19, 1986, now abandoned, said application Ser. No. 816,583also being a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 349,403, filedMay 8, 1989; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 240,380,filed Aug. 29, 1988 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,781, which is a continuationof application Ser. No. 779,676, filed Sep. 24, 1985, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a memory device, and in particular, toa memory device suitable for a graphic memory to be utilized inhigh-speed image processing.

The prior art technique will be described by referring to graphicprocessing depicted as an example in FIGS. 1-2. For example, the systemof FIG. 1 comprises a graphic area M1 having a one-to-one correspondencewith a cathode ray tube (CRT) screen, a store area M2 storing graphicdata to be combined, and a modify section FC for combining the data inthe graphic area M1 with the data in the store area M2. In FIG. 2, aprocessing flowchart includes a processing step S1 for reading data fromthe graphic area M1, a processing step S2 for reading data from thestore area M2, a processing step S3 for combining the data read from thegraphic area M1 and the data read from the store area M2, and aprocessing step S4 for writing the composite data generated in the stepS3 in the graphic area M1.

In the graphic processing example, the processing step S3 of FIG. 2performs a logical OR operation only to combine the data of the graphicarea M1 with that of the store area M2.

On the other hand, the graphic area M1 to be subjected to the graphicprocessing must have a large memory capacity ranging from 100 kilobytesto several megabytes in ordinary cases. Consequently, in a series ofgraphic processing steps as shown in FIG. 2, the number of processingiterations to be executed is on the order of 10⁶ or greater even if theprocessing is conducted on each byte one at a time.

Similarly referring to FIGS. 2-3, graphic processing will be describedin which the areas M1 and M2 store multivalued data such as color datafor which a pixel is represented by the use of a plurality of bits.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a graphic processing arrangement comprises amemory area M1 for storing original multivalued graphic data and amemory area M2 containing multivalued graphic data to be combinedtherewith.

For the processing of multivalued graphic data shown in FIG. 3, additionis adopted as the operation to ordinarily generate composite graphicdata. As a result, the values of data in the overlapped portion becomelarger, and hence a thicker picture is displayed as indicated by thecrosshatching. In this case, the memory area must have a large memorycapacity. The number of iterations of processing from the step S1 to thestep S4 becomes on the order of 10⁶ or greater, as depicted in FIG. 2.Due to the large iteration count, most of the graphic data processingtime is occupied by the processing time to be elapsed to process theloop of FIG. 2. In graphic data processing, therefore, the period oftime utilized for the memory access becomes greater than the timeelapsed for the data processing. Among the steps S1-S4 of FIG. 2, threesteps S1, S2, and S4 are associated with the memory access. As describedabove, in such processing as graphic data processing in which memoryhaving a large capacity is accessed, even if the operation speed isimproved, the memory access time becomes a bottleneck of the processing,which restricts the processing speed and does not permit improving theeffective processing speed of the graphic data processing system.

In the prior art examples, the following disadvantages take place.

(1) In the graphic processing as shown by use of the flowchart of FIG.2, most of the processing is occupied by the steps S1, S2, and S4 whichuse a bus for memory read/write operations, consequently, the busutilization ratio is increased and a higher load is imposed on the bus.

(2) The graphic processing time is further increased, for example,because the bus has a low transfer speed, or the overhead becomesgreater due to the operation such as the bus control to dedicatedlyallocate the bus to CRT display operation and to memory access.

(3) Moreover, although the flowchart of FIG. 2 includes only four staticprocessing steps, a quite large volume of data must be processed asdescribed before. That is, the number of dynamic processing steps whichmay elapse the effective processing time becomes very large, and hence aconsiderably long processing time is necessary.

Consequently, it is desirable to implement a graphic processing by useof a lower number of processing steps.

A memory circuit for executing the processing described above is foundin the Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. 55-129387, forexample.

Recent enhanced resolution of graphic display units is now demanding alarge-capacity memory for use as a frame buffer for holding displayinformation. In displaying a frame of graphic data, a large number ofaccess operations to a capacious frame buffer take place, and thereforehigh-speed memory read/write operations are required. A conventionalmethod for coping with this requirement is the distribution ofprocessings.

An example of the distributed process is to carry out part of theprocess with a frame buffer. FIG. 26 shows, as an example, thearrangement of the frame buffer memory circuit, used in the method. Thecircuit includes an operation unit 1, a memory 2, an operationalfunction control register 23, and a write mask register 26. The framebuffer writes data in bit units regardless of the word length of thememory device. On this account, the frame buffer writing processnecessitates to implement operation and writing both in bit units. Inthe example of FIG. 26, bit operation is implemented by the operationunit 1 and operational function control register 23, while bit writingis implemented by the mask register 6 only to bits effective forwriting. This frame buffer is designed to implement the memoryread-modify-write operation in the write cycle for data D from the dataprocessor, eliminating the need for the reading of data D0 out of thememory, which the usual memory necessitates in such operation, wherebyspeedup of the frame buffer operation is made possible.

FIG. 27 shows another example of distributed processing which is appliedto a graphic display system consisting of two data processors 20 and 20'linked through a common bus 21 with a frame buffer memory 9". The framebuffer memory 9" is divided into two areas a and b which are operatedfor display by the data processors 20 and 20', respectively. FIG. 28shows an example of a display made by this graphic system. The contentof the frame buffer memory 9" is displayed on the CRT screen, which isdivided into upper and lower sections in correspondence with the dividedmemory areas a and b as shown in FIG. 28. When it is intended to set upthe memory 9" for displaying a circle, for example, the data processor20 produces an arc αα'α" and the data processor 20' produces a remainingarc ββ'β" concurrently. The circular display process falls into twomajor processings of calculating the coordinates of the circle andwriting the result into the frame buffer. In case the calculationprocess takes a longer time than the writing process, the use of the twoprocessors 20 and 20' for the process is effective for the speedup ofdisplay. If, on the other hand, the writing process takes a longer time,the two processors conflict over the access to the frame buffer memory9", resulting in a limited effectiveness of the dual processor system.The recent advanced LSI technology has significantly reduced thecomputation time of data processors relative to the memory write accesstime, which fosters the use of a frame buffer memory requiring lessaccess operations such as one 9' shown in FIG. 26.

In application of the frame buffer memory 9' shown in FIG. 26 to thedisplay system shown in FIG. 27, when both processors share in the samedisplay process as shown in FIG. 28, the memory modification function isconsistent for both processors and no problem will arise. In anothercase, however, if one processor draws graphic display a' and anotherprocessor draws character display b' as shown in FIG. 29, the system isno longer uneventful. In general, different kinds of display areaccompanied by different memory modification operations, and if twoprocessors make access to the frame buffer memory alternately, thesetting for the modification operation and the read-modify-writeoperation need to take place in each display process. Setting formodification operation is identical to memory access when seen from theprocessor, and such double memory access ruins the attempt of speedup.

A conceivable scheme for reducing the number of computational settingsis the memory access control in which one processor makes access to theframe buffer several times and then hands over the access right toanother processor, instead of the alternate memory access control.However, this method requires additional time for the process of handingover the access right between the processors as compared with thedisplay process using a common memory modification function. Namely, theconventional scheme of sharing in the same process among more than onedata processor as shown in FIG. 28 is recently shifting to theimplementation of separate processes as shown in FIG. 29 with aplurality of data processors, as represented by the multi-window system,and the memory circuit is not designed in consideration of this regard.

An example of the frame buffer using the read-modify-write operation isdisclosed, for example, in an article entitled "Designing a 1280-by-1024pixel graphic display frame buffer in a 64K RAM with nibble mode",Nikkei electronics, pp. 227-245, published on Aug. 27, 1984.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a methodfor storing graphic data and a circuit using the method which enables ahigher-speed execution of dyadic and arithmetic operations on graphicdata.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a memory circuitwhich performs read, modify, and write operations in a write cycle sothat the number of dynamic steps is greatly reduced in the softwaresection of the graphic processing.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a memorycircuit comprising a function to perform the dyadic and arithmeticoperations so as to considerably lower the load imposed on the bus.

Further another object of the present invention is to provide a memorycircuit which enables easily to implement a priority processing to beeffected when graphic images are overlapped.

Further another object of the present invention is to provide a memorycircuit with logical functions for use in constructing a frame buffersuitable for the multiple processors' parallel operations with theintention of realizing a high-speed graphic display system.

According to the present invention, there is provided a memory circuithaving the following three functions to effect a higher-speed executionof processing to generate composite graphic data.

(1) A function to write external data in memory elements.

(2) A function to execute a logical operation between data previouslystored in memory elements and external data, and to write the resultantdata in the memory elements.

(3) A function to execute an arithmetic operation between datapreviously stored in memory elements and external data and to write theresultant data, in the memory elements.

A memory circuit which has these functions and which achieves a portionof the operation has been, implemented with emphasis placed on theprevious points.

Also, many operations other than processing to generate compositemultivalued graphic data as described above, a dyadic logic operation isrequired in which two operands are used. That is, the operation formatis as follows in such cases.

DD←op s; where op stands for operator. On the other hand, the polynomialoperation and multioperand operation as shown below are less frequentlyused.

    D←S.sub.1 op S.sub.2 op . . . op S.sub.n

when the dyadic and two-operand operation is conducted between data in acentral processing unit (CPU) and data in the memory elements, memoryelements need be accessed only once if the operation result is to bestored in a register of the CPU (in a case where the D is a register andthe S is a unit of memory elements). Contrarily, if the D indicates thememory elements unit and the S represents a register, the memoryelements unit must be accessed two times. In most cases of dataprocessing including the multivalued graphic data processing, the numberof data items is greater than the number of registers in the CPU; andhence the operation of the latter case where the D is the data elementunit is frequently used; furthermore, each of two operands is stored ina memory element unit in many cases. Although the operation to accessthe S is indispensable to read the data, the D is accessed twice forread and write operations, that is, the same memory element unit isaccessed two times for an operation.

To avoid this disadvantageous feature, the Read-Modify-Write adopted inthe operation to access a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) isutilized so as to provide the memory circuit with an operation circuitso that the read and logic operations are carried out in the memorycircuit, whereby the same memory element unit is accessed only once foran operation. The graphic data is modified in this fashion, whichunnecessitates the operation to read the graphic data to be stored inthe CPU and reduces the load imposed on the bus.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a unit ofmemory elements which enables arbitrary operations to read, write, andstore data characterized by including a control circuit which canoperate in an ordinary write mode for storing in the memory elementsunit a first data supplied externally based on first data and seconddata in the memory elements unit, a logic operation mode for storing anoperation result obtained from a logic operation executed between thefirst and second data, and an arithmetic operation mode for storing inthe memory element unit result data obtained from an arithmeticoperation executed between the first data and the second data.

In general, when it is intended to share a resource by a plurality ofprocessors, the resource access arbitration control is necessary, andwhen it is intended for a plurality of processors to share in a processfor the purpose of speedup, they are required to operate and useresources in unison. These controls are generally implemented by theprogram of each processor, and it takes some processing time. Resourcesused commonly among processors include peripheral units and a storageunit. A peripheral unit is used exclusively for a time period once aprocessor has begun its use, while the storage unit is accessed byprocessors on a priority basis. The reason for the different utilizationmodes of the resources is that a peripheral unit has internal sequentialoperating modes and it is difficult for the unit to suspend the processin an intermediate mode once the operation has commenced, while thestorage unit completes the data read or write operation within theduration of access by a processor and its internal operating mode doesnot last after the access terminates.

When it is intended to categorize the aforementioned memory implementingthe read-modify-write operation in the above resource classification,the memory is a peripheral unit having the internal modificationfunction, but the internal operating mode does not last beyond theaccess period, and operates faster than the processor. Accordingly, thememory access arbitration control by the program of the low-speedprocessor results in an increased system overhead for the switchingoperation, and therefore such control must be done within the memorycircuit. The memory circuit implementing the read-modify-write operationdoes not necessitate internal operating modes dictated externally and itcan switch the internal states to meet any processor solely by thememory internal operation.

The present invention resides in a memory circuit including a memorydevice operative to read, write and hold data, an operator whichperforms computation between first data supplied from outside and seconddata read out of the memory device, means for specifying an operationalfunction from outside, and means for controlling bit writing fromoutside, wherein the operational function specifying means issues aselection control signal to a selector which selects one of a pluralityof operational function specifying data supplied from outside, andwherein the bit writing control means issues a selection control signalto a selector which selects one of a plurality of bit writing controldata supplied from outside, so that a frame buffer memory whichimplements the read-modify-write operation can be used commonly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram for explaining an operation togenerate a composite graphic image in a graphic data processing system.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of processing applied to the prior art techniqueto generate composite graphic data.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram for explaining multivalued graphicdata processing.

FIG. 4 is a timing chart illustrating the ordinary operation of amemory.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a memory having a logic function.

FIG. 6 is a table for explaining the operation modes of the memory ofFIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is schematic circuit diagram for implementing the logic function.

FIGS. 8-9 are tables for explaining truth values in detail.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram depicting the configuration of a memoryhaving a logic function.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of processing to generate composite graphic databy use of the memory of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of processing to generate compositegraphic data by use of an EOR logic function.

FIGS. 13-14 are schematic diagrams for explaining the processing togenerate composite graphic data according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 16 is a table for explaining in detail the operation logic or thepresent invention.

FIG. 17 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 18 is a circuit block diagram for explaining an embodiment appliedto color data processing.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a memory circuit of anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a table for .explaining the operation modes of a controlcircuit.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the controlcircuit configuration.

FIG. 22 is a circuit block diagram depicting an example of a 4-bitoperational memory configuration.

FIGS. 23a to 23c are diagrams for explaining an application example ofan embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram for explaining processing to deletemultivalued graphic data.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the memory circuit embodying thepresent invention;

FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing the conventional memory circuit;

FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing the conventional graphic displaysystem;

FIG. 28 is a diagram explaining a two processor graphic display;

FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a graphic display by one processor acharacter display by another processor;

FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the multiprocessor graphic displaysystem embodying the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a table used to explain the operational function of theembodiment shown in FIG. 30;

FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the conventionalframe buffer memory;

FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the memory circuitembodying the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a schematic logic diagram showing the write mask circuit inFIG. 33;

FIG. 35 is a diagram used to explain the frame buffer constructed usingthe memory circuit shown in FIG. 33;

FIG. 36 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the graphicdisplay system for explaining operation code setting according to thisembodiment;

FIG. 37 is a timing chart showing the memory access timing relationshipaccording to this embodiment;

FIG. 38 is a timing chart showing the generation of the selection signaland operation code setting signal based on the memory access timingrelationship; and

FIG. 39 is a timing chart showing the memory write timing relationshipderived from FIG. 37, but with the addition of the selection signal.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the following paragraphsdescribe embodiments of the present invention in detail.

FIG. 4 is a timing chart of a DRAM. First, the operation to access thememory will be briefly described in conjunction with FIG. 4. In thistiming chart, ADR is an address signal supplied from an external deviceand WR indicates a write request signal. These two signals (ADR and WR)are fed from a microprocessor, for example. In addition, RAS is a rowaddress strobe signal, CAS is a column address strobe signal, Aindicates an address signal representing a column or row addressgenerated in the timesharing fashion, WE stands for a write enablesignal, and Z is a data item supplied from an external device(microprocessor). Excepting the Z signal, they are control signalsgenerated by a DRAM controller, for example. The memory access outlinedin FIG. 4 can be summarized as follows.

(i) As shown in FIG. 4, a memory access in a read/write cycle generallycommences with a read cycle (I) and ends with a write cycle () due to awrite enable signal, WE.

(ii) Between the read cycle (I) and the write cycle (III), there appearsan interval (II) in which a read data Do and an external data Z (to bewritten) exist simultaneously.

(iii) This interval (I) is referred to as the operation enabledinterval.

As described above, the store data Do and the external write data Zexist simultaneously in the interval (○ II ). As a consequence, thestore data Do and the external data Z can be subjected to an operationduring a memory cycle in this interval by use of the memory circuithaving an operation function, thereby enabling the operation result tobe written in the memory circuit.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the presentinvention, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation principleof the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a circuit exampleimplementing the operation principle of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a tablefor explaining in detail the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 7.

The circuit configuration of FIG. 5 comprises a control logic circuit 1,a unit of memory elements 2, a DRAM controller 3, external data X and Y,a write data Z to the memory elements unit 2, a read data Do from thememory elements unit 2, and signals A, CAS, RAS, ADR, and WR which arethe same as those described in conjunction with FIG. 4. The externaldata Z of FIG. 4 is replaced with the write data Z delivered via thecontrol circuit 1 to the memory elements unit 2 in FIG. 5.

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention as shown in FIG.5, the control circuit 1 controls the read data Do by use of theexternal data signals X and Y, and the modified read data is written inthe memory elements unit 2. FIG. 6 is a table for explaining the controloperation. In this table, mode I is provided to set the external data Yas the write data Z, whereas mode II is provided to set the read data Doas the write data Z. As shown in FIG. 6, the external data signals X andY, namely, the external control is used to control two modes, that is,the read data of the memory elements unit 2 is altered and written (modeII), or the external data Y is written (mode I). For the control of twomodes, (i) mode I or II is specified by the external data X and (ii) themodification specification to invert or not to invert the read data Dois made by use of an external data.

The control and modification are effected in the interval (○ II )described in conjunction with FIG. 4.

A specific circuit example implementing the operation described above isshown in FIG. 7.

The control logic circuit comprises an AND gate 10 and an EOR gate 11and operates according to the truth table of FIG. 8, which illustratesthe relationships among two external data signals X and Y, store dataDo, and output Z from the control circuit 1.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, the control circuit 1 operates primarily inthe following two operation modes depending on the external data X.

(i) When the external data X is `0`, it operates in the operation mode Iin which the external data Y is processed as the write data Z. (ii) Whenthe external data X is `1`, it operates in the operation mode II inwhich the data obtained by modifying the read data Do based on theexternal data Y is used as the write data Z.

As already shown in FIG. 4, the operation above is executed during amemory cycle.

Consequently, the principle of the present invention is described asfollows.

(i) The output Do from the memory elements unit 2 is fed back as aninput signal to the control circuit as described in conjunction withFIG. 4; and

(ii) The write data to the memory elements unit 2 is controlled by useof the input data signals X and Y (generated from the write data fromthe CPU) as shown in FIG. 5.

These operations (i) and (ii) are executed during a memory cycle. Thatis, a data item in the memory elements is modified with an externalinput data (namely, an operation is conducted between these two dataitems) during a memory cycle by use of three data items including (i)feedback data from the memory elements, (ii) data inputted from anexternal device, and (iii) control data from an external device (aportion of external input data is also used as the control data). Theseoperations imply that an external device (for example, a graphicprocessing system, a CPU available at present, or the like) can executea logic operation only by use of a write operation.

The operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 7, on the other hand, isexpressed as follows ##EQU1## Substituting the externally controllabledata items X and Y with the applicable values of a signal "0", a signal"1", the bus data Di fed from the microprocessor, and the reversed datathereof appropriately Di, the operation results of the dyadic logicoperations as shown in FIG. 9 will be obtained. FIG. 10 is a circuitdiagram implemented by combining the dyadic operations of FIG. 9 withthe processing system of the FIG. 5 embodiment. The system of FIG. 10comprises four-input selectors SELφ and SEL1, input select signals S0and S1 to the selector SELφ, input select signals S2 and S3 to theselector SEL1, and an inverter element INV.

Referring now to FIG. 1, and FIGS. 9-11, an operation example of a logicoperation will be specifically described.

As shown in FIG. 9, the input select signals S0 and S1 are used as theselect signals of the selector SELφ to determine the value of data X.Similarly, the input select signals S2 and S3 are used to determine thevalue of data Y. The values that can be set to these data items X and Yinclude a signal "0", a signal "1", the bus data Di, and the inverteddata thereof Di as described before. The selectors SELφ and SEL1 eachselect one of these four signal values depending on the input selectsignals S₀ to S₃ as shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 9 is a table illustrating therelationships between the input select signals S0 to S3 and the dataitems X and Y outputted from the selectors SELφ and SEL1, respectively,as well as the write data Z outputted from the control circuit 1. Ingraphic processing as shown in FIG. 1 (OR operation: Case 1), forexample, the data items X and Y are selected as Di and Di, respectivelywhen the input select signals are set as follows: S0, S1=(11) and S₂, S₃=(10). Substituting these values of X and Y in the expression (1)representing the operation of the control circuit 1, the OR operation,namely, Z=Di+DiDo=Di.(1+Do)+DiDo=Di+(Di+Di) Do=Di+Do is executed. Inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention, therefore, thegraphic processing of FIG. 1 can be performed as shown in FIG. 11 inwhich the input select signals S0 to S1 are specified in the first step(function specification), a graphic data item to be combined isthereafter read from the storage area M2, and the obtained data item isstored in the graphic area only by use of a write operation.

Various logic functions can be effected by changing the values of S0 toS3 as depicted in FIG. 9. Consequently, an operation to draw a picture,for example, by use of a mouse cursor which is arbitrarily moved can bereadily executed as shown in FIG. 12. Even when the mouse cursor (M2)overlaps with a graphic image in the graphic area M1 as illustrated inFIG. 12, the cursor must be displayed, and hence a function of the EORoperation is necessary. In this cursor display, when the input selectsignals are set as S0, S1=(10) and S2, S3=(01), the processing can beachieved as depicted in FIG. 11 in the same manner as the case of thecomposite graphic data generation described before. The various logicfunctions as listed in the table of FIG. 9 can be therefore easilyimplemented; furthermore, the Read-Modify-Write operation on the memoryelement unit 2 can be accomplished only by a write operation.

By use of the circuit configuration of FIG. 10, the dyadic logicoperations of FIG. 9 can be executed as a modify operation to beconducted between the data Di from the microprocessor and the read dataDo from the memory elements unit 2. Incidentally, the input selectsignals are used to specify a dyadic logic operation.

In accordance with the embodiment described above, the prior artprocessing to generate a composite graphic image can be simplified asdepicted by the flowchart of FIG. 11.

The embodiment of the present invention described above comprises threefunctions as shown in FIG. 10, namely, a memory section including memoryelements unit 2, a control section having the control circuit 1, and aselector section including the selectors SELφ and SEL1. However, thefunction implemented by a combination of the control and selectorsections is identical to the dyadic logic operation function describedin conjunction with FIG. 9. Although this function can be easilyachieved by use of other means, the embodiment above is preferable tosimplify the circuit configuration.

On the other hand, graphic processing is required to include processingin which graphic images and the like are overlapped as illustrated inFIGS. 13-14. In the first case, the graphic image in the store area M2takes precedence over the graphic image in the graphic image area M1when they are displayed as depicted in FIG. 13. In the second case, thegraphic image in the graphic image area M1 takes precedence over thegraphic image in the store area M2 as shown in FIG. 14.

The priority processing to determine the priority of graphic data asillustrated in FIGS. 13-14 cannot be achieved only by the logicalfunction (implemented by the FC section of FIG. 10) described above.

This function, however, can be easily implemented by use of the memorycircuit in an embodiment of the present invention, namely, only simplelogic and selector circuits need by added to the graphic processingsystem. An embodiment for realizing such a function will be described byreferring to FIGS. 15-17. The FC section of FIG. 15 corresponds to acombination of the control circuit and the selectors SELφ and SEL1. Inthis embodiment, the logic operation function (FC) section operates inthe pass mode with the input select signals S0 to S3 of the selectorsSELφ and SEL1 set as (0, 0, 1, 0), for example.

The circuit block diagram of FIG. 15 includes a priority control section4, a two-input selector SEL2, a priority specification signal P, aninput select signal S4 to the selector SEL2, a graphic data signal Di'from the store area M2, a graphic image area M1, a selected signal Difrom selector SEL2, a graphic data signal Do from the graphic image areaM1 (identical to the read data signal from the memory elements unit 2shown in FIG. 10), and an output signal Z from the FC section (identicalto the output signal from the control circuit 1 of FIG. 4). For theconvenience of explanation, the graphic area is set to a logic value "1"and the background area is set to a logic value "0" as shown in FIG. 15.In this processing, the priority control section 4 and the selector SEL2operate according to the contents of the truth table of FIG. 16. Therelationships between the input select signal S4 and the input data Dito the logic operation function (FC) section are outlined in FIG. 16,where the signal S4 is determined by a combination of the priorityspecification signal P, the data Di' in the area M2, and the data Dofrom the area M1, and the input data Di is set by the signal S4.

In other words, the truth table of FIG. 16 determines an operation asfollows. For example, assume that the graphic area to be used as thebackground is M1. If the data items Do and Di' in the areas M1 and M2,respectively, are set to the effective data ("1"), the priorityspecification signal P is used to determine whether the data Do of thebackground area M1 takes precedence (P=1), or the data Di' of the areaM2 takes precedence (P=0).

That is, if a graphic image in the store area M2 is desired to bedisplayed over the graphic image of the graphic area M1, as illustratedin FIG. 13, the priority specification signal P is set to "0". Then, ifthe graphic data items Di' and Do are in the graphic areas ("1") asdepicted in FIG. 15, the data Di' of the store area M2 is preferentiallyselected by the selector SEL2. If the priority specification signal P isset to "1", the graphic processing is similarly executed according tothe truth table of FIG. 16 as shown in FIG. 14.

In FIG. 16, if the graphic areas ("1") are overlapped, the graphic areaof the graphic area M1, or the store area M2, is selected depending onthe priority specification signal P, and the data of the graphic area M1is selected as the background for the area in which the graphic areadoes not exist.

FIG. 17 is a specific circuit diagram of the priority control section 4depicted in FIG. 15. In this circuit diagram, reference numerals 40 and41 indicate a three-input NAND circuit and a two-input NAND circuit,respectively.

In order to apply the principle of priority decision to color data inwhich each pixel comprises a plurality of bits, the circuit must bemodified as illustrated in FIG. 18.

The circuit of FIG. 18 includes a compare and determine section 5 fordetermining the graphic area (COL3) of the graphic area M1 and a compareand determine section 6 for determining the graphic area (COL1) of thestore area M1. As described above, the priority determining circuit ofFIG. 18 is configured to process code information for which a pixelcomprises a plurality of bits. It is different from the circuit forprocessing information for which a pixel comprises a bit as shown inFIG. 15 in that the priority determination between significant dataitems is achieved by use of the code information (COLφ to COL3) becausethe graphic data is expressed by the code information.

Consequently, in the case of color data, the overlapped graphic imagescan be easily processed by adding the compare and determine sectionswhich determine the priority by comparing the code information.

The preceding paragraphs have described the priority determine circuitapplied to an embodiment of the memory circuit having an operationfunction, however, it is clear that such embodiment can be applied to asimple memory circuit, or a memory circuit which has integrated shiftregister and serial outputs.

In accordance with this embodiment, the following effect is developed.

(1) When executing the processing as shown in FIG. 1, the processingflowchart of FIG. 11 can be utilized, and hence the memory cycle can beminimized.

(2) Three kinds of processing including the read, modify, and writeoperations can be executed only during a write cycle, which enables anincrease in the processing speed.

(3) As depicted in FIGS. 16-18, the priority processing to be conductedwhen the graphic images are overlapped can be effected by the use of aplurality of simple logic gates.

(4) The graphic processing of color data can be also easily implementedby externally adding the compare and determine circuits for determiningthe graphic areas (code data comprising at least two bits).

(5) The size of the circuit configuration necessary for implementing thememory circuit according to the invention is quite small as comparedwith that of a group of memory elements, which is considerablyadvantageous to manufacture a large scale integration circuit in thesame memory chip.

Next, another embodiment will be described in which processing togenerate a composite graphic data represented as the multivalued data ofFIG. 3 is executed.

FIG. 19 is a circuit block diagram of a memory circuit applied to a casein which multivalued data is processed. This circuit is different fromthe memory circuit of FIG. 5 in the configuration of a control circuit1'.

The configuration of FIG. 19 is adopted because the processing togenerate a composite graphic data from the multivalued dataindispensably necessitates an arithmetic operation, not a simple logicoperation. As shown in FIG. 19, however, the basic operation is the sameas depicted in FIG. 5.

In the following paragraphs, although the arithmetic operation isdescribed, the circuit configuration includes the sections associatedwith the logic operation because the logic operation is also used forthe multivalued graphic data processing. The circuit arrangement of FIG.19 includes a control circuit 1', memory elements unit 2, a DRAMcontroller 3, external control signals CNT and Cr, data Y supplied froman external device, write data Z to the memory elements unit 2, readdata Do from the memory elements unit 2, and signals A, WE, CAS, RAS,ADR, and WR which are the same as those shown in FIG. 5.

In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 19, the control circuit 1' performsan operation on the read data Do and the external data Y according tothe external control signals CNT and Cr; and the operation result, writedata Z is written in the memory elements 2. FIG. 20 is a tableillustrating the control operation modes of the control circuit 1'. Whenthe external control signals CNT and Cr are set to φ, the controlcircuit 1' operates in a mode where the external data Y is used as acontrol signal to determine whether or not the read data Do is subjectedto an inversion before it is outputted; when the signals CNT and Cr areset to 0 and 1, respectively, the control circuit 1' operates in a modewhere the external data Y is outputted without change; and when thesignals are set to 1, the control circuit 1' operates in a mode wherethe read data Do, the external data Y, and the external control signalCr are. arithmetically added.

FIG. 21 is a specific circuit diagram of a circuit implementing thecontrol operation modes. In this circuit arrangement, the arithmeticoperation is achieved by use of the ENOR gates G1 and G2, and thecondition that the external control signals CNT and Cr are φ and 1,respectively is detected by the gates G6 to G8, and the output from theENOR gate or the external data Y is selected by use of a selectorconstituted from the gates G3 to G5. This circuit configuration furtherincludes a NAND gate G9 for outputting a generate signal associated withthe carry lookahead function provided to minimize the propagation delayof the carry and an AND gate G10 for generating a propagate signalsimilarly associated with the carry lookahead function. The logicalexpressions of the output signals Z, P, and G from the control circuit1' are as listed in FIG. 21, where the carry lookahead signals P and Geach are set to fixed values (P=0, G=1) if the external control signalCNT is φ.

FIG. 22 is the configuration of a four-bit operation memory utilizingfour memory circuits for the embodiment. For simplification ofexplanation, only the sections primarily associated with the arithmeticoperation mode are depicted in FIG. 22. The circuit diagram includes thememory circuits 11-14 shown in FIG. 19, gates G11 to G28 constituting acarry lookahead circuit for achieving a carry operation, and a registerF for storing the result of a carry caused by an arithmetic operation.The memory circuits 11 and 14 are associated with the least- andmost-significant bits, respectively.

Although not shown in this circuit configuration to simplify the circuitarrangement, the register F is connected to an external circuit whichsets the content to φ or 1. The logical expression of the carry result,namely, the output from the gate G29 is as follows.

    G4+G3.P4+G2.P3.P4+G1.P2.P3.P4+Cr.P1.P2.P3.P4

When the external control signal CNT is φ, Pi and Gi are set to 1 and φ,respectively (where, i indicates an integer ranging from one to four),and hence the logical expression includes only the signal Cr, whichmeans that the value of the register F is not changed by a writeoperation. Since the intermediate carry signals Gr2 to Gr4 are also setto the value of the signal Cr, three operation states are not changed bya write operation when the external control signal CNT is φ. If theexternal control signal CNT is 1, the carry control signals P1 to P4 andG1 to G4 of the memory circuits 11-, respectively function as the carrylookahead signals, so an ordinary addition can be conducted.

As shown in FIG. 20, although the control circuit has a small number ofoperation modes, the operation functions can be increased by selectingthe logic value φ, the logic value 1, the write data D to amicroprocessor or the like, and the inverted data D of the write data Das the inputs of the external control signal Cr and the external data Y.

FIGS. 23a to 23c illustrate an example in which the above-mentionedcircuits are combined. FIG. 23a is a specific representation of acircuit for the least-significant bit, whereas FIG. 22b is a tableoutlining the operation functions of the circuit of FIG. 23a.

In the following paragraphs, the circuit operation will be describedonly in the arithmetic operation mode with the external control signalCNT set to 1.

Gates G29-G33 constitute a selector (SEL3) for the external controlsignal Cr, while gates G34-G37 configure a selector (SEL4) for theexternal data Y. The circuit arrangement of FIG. 23a comprises selectcontrol signals Sφ and S1 for selecting the external control signal Crand select control signals S2 and S3 for selecting the external data Y.FIG. 23c depicts a circuit for the most-significant bit. This circuit isdifferent from that of FIG. 23a in that the selector for the signal Cris constituted from the gates G38-G44 so that a carry signal Cri-1 fromthe lower-order bit is inputted to the external control signal Cr whenthe external control signal CNT is 1. The selector for the external dataY is of the same configuration of that of FIG. 23a. In the circuitconfiguration of FIG. 23c, the memory circuit arrangement enables toachieve 16 kinds of logical operations and six kinds of arithmeticoperations by executing a memory write access. For example, theprocessing to overlap multivalued graphic data as shown in FIG. 3 iscarried out as follows. First, the select signals S0 to S3 are set to 0,0, 0, and 1, respectively and the write data Z is specified for anarithmetic operation of Do Plus 1. A data item is read from themultivalued graphic data memory M2 and the obtained data item is writtenin the destination multivalued graphic data area M1, which causes eachdata to be added and the multivalued graphic data items are overlappedat a higher speed. Similarly, if the select signals Sφ to S3 are set to1 and the write data Z is specified for a subtraction of Do Minus Di,the unnecessary portion (such as the noise) of the multivalued graphicdata can be deleted as depicted in FIG. 24. Like the case of the overlapprocessing, this processing can be implemented only by executing a readoperation on the data memory M3 containing the data from which theunnecessary portion is subtracted and by repeating a write operationthereafter on the destination data memory M3', which enableshigher-speed graphic processing.

According to the above embodiments,

(1) The multivalued graphic data processing is effected by repeatingmemory access two times, and hence the processing such as the graphicdata overlap processing and subtraction can be achieved at a higherspeed;

(2) Since the data operation conducted between memory units isimplemented on the memory side, the multivalued graphic processing canbe implemented not only in a device such as a microprocessor which hasan operation function but also in a device such as a direct memoryaccess (DMA) controller which has not an operation function; and

(3) The carry processing is conducted when a memory write access isexecuted by use of the circuit configuration as shown in FIG. 22, so themultiple-precision arithmetic operation can be implemented only by usinga memory write operation, thereby enabling a multiple-precisionarithmetic operation to be achieved at a higher speed.

It is also possible to perform the dyadic operation and the arithmeticoperation on graphic data at a higher speed. Moreover, the priorityprocessing to be utilized when graphic images overlap and processing forcolor data can be readily implemented.

FIG. 25 shows a frame buffer memory circuit including an operation unit(LU) 1 for implementing the modification functions for theread-modify-write operation, a data memory 2, operational functionspecifying registers 23 and 24 for specifying an operational function ofthe operation unit, an operational function selector 25 for selecting anoperational function, write mask registers 26 and 27 for holding writemask data, and a write mask selector 28 for selecting write mask data.Symbol D denotes write data sent over the common bus, and symbol Cdenotes a selection signal for controlling the operational functionselector 5 and write mask selector 28.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the application of the inventiveframe buffer memory circuit 9 shown in FIG. 25 to the multi-processorsystem, in which are included data processors 20 and 20', a common bus21 and an address decoder 22.

The following describes, as an example, the operation of thisembodiment. For clarification purposes, FIGS. 25 and 30 do not show thememory read data bus, memory block address decoder and read-modify-writecontrol circuit, all of which are not essential for the explanation ofthis invention. In this embodiment, the memory circuit 9 is addressedfrom 800000H to 9FFFFFH. The memory circuit 9 itself has a 1M bytecapacity in a physical sense, but it is addressed double in the range800000H-9FFFFFH to provide a virtual 2M byte address space. The methodof double addressing is such that address 800000H and address 900000Hcontain the same byte data, and so on, and finally address 8FFFFFH andaddress 9FFFFFH contain the same byte data. Accordingly, data read bythe processor 20 at address 8xxxxxH is equal to data read at address9xxxxxH, provided that the address section xxxxx is common. The reasonfor double addressing the memory circuit 9 beginning with address800000H and address 900000H is to distinguish accesses by the dataprocessors 20 and 20'. Namely, the data processor 20 is accessible to a1M byte area starting with 800000H, while the processor 20' isaccessible to a 1M byte area starting with 900000H. The address decoder22 serves to control the double addressing system, and it produces a "0"output in response to an address signal having an even (8H) highestdigit, while producing a "1" output in response to an address signalhaving an odd (9H) highest digit.

The operation unit 1 has a function set of 16 logical operations aslisted in FIG. 31. In order to specify one of the 16 kinds ofoperations, the operation code data FC is formatted in 4 bits, and theoperational function specifying registers 23 and 24 and operationalfunction selector 25 are all arranged in 4 bits. Since the memory 2 isof the 16-bit word length, the write mask registers 26 and 27 and maskselector 28 also have 16 bits.

Next, the operation of the data processor 20 in FIG. 30 in making writeaccess to the frame buffer memory 9 will be described. The dataprocessor 20 has a preset of function code F0 in the operationalfunction specifying register 23 and mask data M0 in the write maskregister 26. When the data processor 20 makes write access to address800000H, for example, the memory access operation takes place in theorder of reading, modifying and writing in the timing relationship asshown in FIG. 39. In response to the output of address 800000H onto theaddress bus by the data processor 20, the address decoder 22 produces a"0" output, the operational function selector 25 selects the operationalfunction specifying register 23, and the operation unit 1 receives F0 asoperation code data FC. At this time, the write mask selector 28 selectsthe write mask register 26, and it outputs M0 as WE to the memory 2. InFIG. 39, data in address 800000H is read out in the read period, whichis subjected to calculation with write data D from the data processor 20by the operation unit 1 in accordance with the calculation code data F0in the modification period, and the result is written in accordance withdata M0 in the write period. The write mask data inhibits writing at "0"and enables writing at "1", and the data M0 is given value FFH for theusual write operation.

When another data processor 20' makes access to the frame buffer 9,function code F1 is preset in the operational function specifyingregister 24 and mask data M1 is preset in the write mask register 27. Inorder for the data processor 20' to access the same data as one inaddress 800000H for the data processor 20, it makes write access toaddress 900000H. The write access timing relationship for the dataprocessor 20' is similar to that shown in FIG. 39, but differs in thatthe output signal C of the address decoder 22 is "1" during the access,the function code for modification is F1, and the write mask is M1 inthis case.

Accordingly, by making the data processors 20 and 20' access differentaddresses, the calculation and mask data can be different, and theoperational functions need not be set at each time even when theprocessors implement different display operations as shown in FIG. 29.

Next, the arrangement of the frame buffer memory 9 and the method ofsetting the operational function according to this embodiment will bedescribed.

FIG. 32 shows a typical arrangement of the frame buffer. Conventionally,a memory has been constructed using a plurality of memory IC (IntegratedCircuit) components with external accompaniments of an operation unit 1,operational function specifying register 23 and write mask register 26.The reason for the arrangement of the memory using a plurality of memoryIC components is that the memory capacity is too large to be constructedby a single component. The memory is constructed divisionally, eachdivision constituting 1, 3 or 4 bits or the like of data words (16-bitword in this embodiment). For example, when each division forms a bit ofdata words, at least 16 memory IC components are used. For the samereason when it is intended to integrate the whole frame buffer shown inFIG. 32, it needs to be divided into several IC components.

The following describes the method of this embodiment for setting theoperational function and write mask data for the sliced memorystructure. The setting method will be described on the assumption that asingle operational function specifying register and write mask registerare provided, since the plurality of these register sets is notsignificant for the explanation.

Currently used graphic display units are mostly arranged to haveoperational functions of logical bit operations, and therefore it ispossible to divide the operation unit into bit groups of operation data.It is also possible in principle to divide the operation unit on a bitslicing basis also for the case of implementing arithmetic operations,through the additional provision of a carry control circuit. The writemask register 26 is a circuit controlling the write operation in bitunits, and therefore it can obviously be divided into bit units. Theoperational function specifying register 23 stores a number in a wordlength determined from the type of operational function of the operationunit 1, which is independent of the word length of operation data (16bits in this embodiment), and therefore it cannot be divided into bitgroups of operation data. On this account, the operational functionspecifying register 23 needs to be provided for each divided bit group.Although it seems inefficient to have the same functional circuit foreach divided bit group, the number of elements used for the peripheralcircuits is less than 1% of the memory elements, and the yearlyincreasing circuit integration density makes this matter insignificant.However, in contrast to the case of slicing the operational functionspecifying register 23 into bit groups, partition of the frame buffershown in FIG. 32 into bit groups of data is questionable. The reason isthat the operational function specifying register 23 is designed toreceive data signals D15-D0. When the frame buffer is simply sliced into1-bit groups, the operational function specifying register 23 canreceive 1-bit data and it cannot receive a 4-bit specification codelisted in FIG. 31. If, on the other hand, it is designed to supply anecessary number of 1-bit signals to the operational function specifyingregister 23, the frame buffer must have terminals effective solely forthe specification of operational functions, and this will result in anincreased package size when the whole circuit is integrated. If it isdesigned to specify the operational function using the data bus, thenumber of operational functions becomes dependent on bit slicing ofdata, and to avoid this the frame memory of this embodiment is intendedto specify operational functions using the address but which isindependent of bit slicing.

FIG. 33 shows, as an example, the arrangement of the frame buffer memorywhich uses part of the address signals for specifying operationalfunctions. Symbol Dj denotes a 1-bit signal in the 16-bit data signalsto the graphic display data processor, A23-A1 are address signals to thedata processor, WE is the write control signal to the data processor, FSis the data setting control signal for the operational functionspecifying register 3 and write mask register 26, DOj is a bit of dataread out of the memory device 2, DIj is a bit of data produced by theoperation unit 1, and Wj is the write control signal to the memorydevice 2.

FIG. 34 shows, as an example, the arrangement of the write maskregister, which includes a write mask data register 61 and a gate 62 fordisabling the write control signal WE.

FIG. 35 shows the arrangement of the frame buffer constructed by usingthe memory circuit shown in FIG. 33. The figure shows a 4-bitarrangement for clarifying the connection to each memory circuit.

FIG. 36 shows the memory circuit of this embodiment applied to a graphicdisplay system, with the intention of explaining the setting of theoperation code. Reference number 20 denotes a data processor, and 23denotes a decoder for producing the set signal FS.

The following describes the operation of the memory circuit. In thisembodiment, an address range 800000H-9FFFFFH is assigned to the memorycircuit 9. The decoder 23 produces the set signal FS in response toaddresses A00000H-A0001FH. The operation unit 1 has the 16 operationalfunctions as listed in FIG. 31.

When the data processor 20 operates to write data FOFFH in addressA00014H, for example, the decoder 23 produces the set signal FS to loadthe address bit signals A4-A1, i.e., 0101B (B signifies binary), in theoperational function specifying register 3. Consequently, the operationunit 2 selects the logical-sum operation in compliance with the table inFIG. 31. In the write mask register 26, a bit of 16-bit data 0F00H fromthe data processor 20, the bit position being the same as the bitposition of the memory device, is set in the write mask data register61. As a result, F0FFH is set as write mask data.

Next, the operation of the data processor 20 for writing F3FFH inaddress 800000H will be described. It is assumed that the address800000H has the contents of 0512H in advance. FIG. 37 shows the timingrelationship of memory access by the data processor 10. The write accessto the memory circuit 9 by the data processor 20 is theread-modify-write operation as shown in FIG. 37. In the read period ofthis operation, data 0512H is read out onto the DO bus, and the D busreceives F3FFH. In the subsequent modification period, the operationunit 1 implements the operation between data on the D bus and DO bus andoutputs the operation result onto the DI bus. In this example, the D buscarries F3FFH and the DO bus carries 0512H, and the DI bus will havedata F7FFH as a result of the logical-sum operation which has beenselected for the operation unit 1. Finally, in the write period of theread-modify-write operation, data F7FFH on the DI bus is written in thememory device. In this case, F0FFH has been set as write mask data bythe aforementioned setting operation, and a "0" bit of mask data enablesthe gate 62, while "1" bit disables the gate 62 as shown in FIG. 34,causing only 4 bits (D11-D8) to undergo the actual write operation, withthe remaining 12 bits being left out of the write operation.Consequently, data in address 800000H is altered to 0712H.

The foregoing embodiment of this invention provides the followingeffectiveness. Owing to the provision of the operation specifyingregisters 23 and 24 and the write mask registers 26 and 27 incorrespondence to the data processors 20 and 20', specification of amodification function for the read-modify-write operation and mask writespecification are done for each data processor even in the case of writeaccess to the frame buffer memory 9 by the data processors 20 and 20'asynchronously and independently, which eliminates the need forarbitration control between the data processors, whereby both processorscan implement display processings without interference from each otherexcept for an access delay caused by conflicting accesses to the framebuffer memory 9.

The above embodiment is a frame buffer memory for a graphic displaysystem, and the data processors 20 and 20' mainly perform the coordinatecalculations for pixels. The two data processors can share in thecoordinate calculation and other processes in case they consume too muchtime, thereby reducing the processing time and thus minimizing thedisplay wait time. For the case of a time-consuming frame buffer writeprocessing, the use of the read-modify-write operation reduces thefrequency of memory access, whereby a high-speed graphic display systemoperative with a minimal display wait time can be realized.

The above embodiment uses part of the address signal for the controlsignal, and in consequence a memory circuit operative inread-modify-write mode with the ability of specifying the operationalfunction independent of data slicing methods can be realized. On thisaccount, when all functional blocks are integrated in a circuitcomponent, the arrangement of the memory section can be determinedindependently of the read-modify-write function.

Although in the foregoing embodiment two data processors are used, it isneedless to say that a system including three or more data processorscan be constructed in the same principle.

The present invention is obviously applicable to a system in which asingle data processor initiates several tasks and separate addresses areassigned to the individual tasks for implementing parallel displayprocessings.

The memory circuit of the above embodiment differs from the usual memoryIC component in that the set signal FS for setting the operationalfunction and write mask data and the signal C for selecting anoperational function and write mask are involved. These signals may beprovided from outside at the expense of two additional IC pins ascompared with the usual memory device, or may be substituted by theaforementioned signals by utilization of the memory access timingrelationship for the purpose of minimizing the package size. FIG. 38shows the memory access timing relationship for the latter method, inwhich a timing unused in the operation of a usual dynamic RAM is used todistinguish processors (the falling edge of RAS causes the WE signal togo low) and to set the operation code and write mask data (the risingedge of RAS causes CAS and WE signals to go low), thereby producing theFS and C signals equivalently.

Although in the above embodiment a 16-bit data word is sliced into 1-bitgroups, these values can obviously be altered.

Although in the above embodiment the operational function and write maskare specified concurrently, they may be specified separately.

It is obvious that the word length for operational functionspecification may be other than 4 bits.

The above embodiment can also be applied to a memory with a serialoutput port by incorporating a shift register.

According to the above embodiments, the coordinate calculation processin the display process is shared by a plurality of processors so thatthe calculation time is reduced, and the frame buffer memory operativein a read-modify-write mode can be shared among the processors withoutthe need of arbitration control so that the number of memory accesses isreduced, whereby a high-speed graphic display system can be constructed.

Moreover, the modification operation for the read-modify-write operationis specified independently of the word length of write data, and thisrealizes a memory circuit incorporating a circuit which implements theread-modify-write operation in arbitrary word lengths, whereby a framebuffer used in a high-speed graphic display system, for example, can bemade compact.

We claim:
 1. A system comprising:a plurality of one-chip semiconductorintegrated circuit device including: a memory unit, a terminal which issupplied with an operation mode designation signal arbitrarilydesignating any one of a plurality of operation modes, and a controlunit which is coupled to said memory unit and said terminal and whichsets a plurality of bits of said memory unit into a predetermined fixedlogic level according to a predetermined operation mode designated fromsaid plurality of operation modes by said operation mode designationsignal; and an external device coupled to said one-chip semiconductorintegrated circuit device for supplying said operation mode designationsignal to said terminals of said plurality of one-chip semiconductorintegrated circuit devices at substantially the same time, wherein eachof said control units of each of said plurality of one-chipsemiconductor integrated circuit devices, in response to said operationmode designation signal commonly supplied from said external device,sets said plurality of bits of each of said memory unit into saidpredetermined fixed logic level, and wherein said predetermined fixedlogic level is data other than data provided by said external device. 2.A system comprising:a plurality of one-chip semiconductor integratedcircuit device including: a memory unit, a terminal which is suppliedwith an operation mode designation signal arbitrarily designating anyone of a plurality of operation modes, and a control unit which iscoupled to said memory unit and said terminal and which sets a pluralityof bits of said memory unit into a predetermined fixed logic levelaccording to a predetermined operation mode designated from saidplurality of operation modes by said operation mode designation signal;and an external device coupled to said one-chip semiconductor integratedcircuit device; the method comprising the steps of: supplying commonlysaid operation mode designation signal to said terminals of saidplurality of one-chip semiconductor integrated circuit devices atsubstantially the same time, and setting said plurality of bits of eachof said memory unit into said predetermined fixed logic level, inresponse to said operation mode designation signal commonly suppliedform said external device, by each of said control units of each of saidplurality of one-chip semiconductor integrated circuit devices, andwherein said predetermined fixed logic level is data other than dataprovided by said external device.
 3. A system comprising:a plurality ofone-chip semiconductor integrated circuit device including: a memoryunit, a terminal which is supplied with an operation mode designationsignal arbitrarily designating any one of a plurality of operationmodes, and a control unit which is coupled to said memory unit and saidterminal and which sets a plurality of bits of said memory unit into apredetermined fixed logic level according to a predetermined operationmode designated from said plurality of operation modes by said operationmode designation signal; and an external device coupled to saidplurality of one-chip semiconductor integrated circuit devices via a busfor commonly supplying said operation mode designation signal to saidterminals of said plurality of one-chip semiconductor integrated circuitdevices via a bus for commonly supplying said operation mode designationsignal to said terminals of said plurality of one-chip semiconductorintegrated circuit devices via said bus at substantially the same time;wherein each of said control units of each of said plurality of one-chipsemiconductor integrated circuits devices, in response to said operationmode designation signal commonly supplied from said external device,sets said plurality of bits of each of said memory unit into saidpredetermined fixed logic level, and wherein said predetermined fixedlogic level is data other than data provided by said external device. 4.A control method in a system comprising:a plurality of one-chipsemiconductor integrated circuit devices each including: a memory unit,a terminal which is supplied with an operation mode designation signalarbitrarily designating any one of a plurality of operation modes, and acontrol unit which is coupled to said memory unit and said terminal andwhich sets a plurality of bits of said memory unit into a predeterminedfixed logic level according to a predetermined operation mode designatedfrom said plurality of operation modes by said operation modedesignation signal; and an external device coupled to said plurality ofone-chip semiconductor integrated circuit devices via a bus, the methodcomprising the steps of: supplying commonly said operation modedesignation signal to said terminals of said plurality of one-chipsemiconductor integrated circuit devices via said bus at substantiallythe same time, and setting said plurality of bits of each of said memoryunits into said predetermined fixed logic level, in response to saidoperation mode designation signal commonly supplied from said externaldevice, by each of said control units of each of said plurality ofone-chip semiconductor integrated circuit devices, and wherein saidpredetermined fixed logic level is data other than data provided by saidexternal device.